Exploring the Benefits and Challenges Across Communities and Sectors
The Seychelles Marine Spatial Plan (SMSP) is a cabinet-approved plan for Seychelles’ entire ocean space; from the mean high water mark seaward to the boundary of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Seychelles made history on 31st March 2025 when the SMSP was officially signed into law.
The groundwork, however, was laid much earlier, with consultations and data cataloguing starting in 2014. A decade later, Seychelles became one of the first countries in the world to fully map and manage 100% of its ocean territory, some 1.4 million square kilometers, through marine spatial planning. It was the result of extensive scientific research, public consultations, and collaboration across sectors.
The SMSP delineates our EEZ into three Zones: Zone 1 - High Biodiversity Protection, Zone 2 - Medium Biodiversity Protection and Sustainable Use and Zone 3 - Multiple Use. The SMSP identifies 52 marine activities within Seychelles’ EEZ and defines the activities within each of the three zones, that are prohibited or allowed subject to conditions, along with the relevant conditions.
But what does all this mean in practical terms? Beyond legislation and zoning maps, the SMSP has real implications for people and livelihoods, especially in fisheries and tourism. It’s not just about conservation; it’s about long-term sustainability and shared economic opportunity.
Balancing Protection and Progress
The Marine Spatial Plan is all about finding the right balance, safeguarding the marine environment while ensuring the ocean continues to support livelihoods and economic growth. As part of the plan, 30% of Seychelles’ vast ocean territory has been designated as Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), with 15% designated for high biodiversity protection where fishing and other extractive activities are prohibited.
This level of protection is vital for preserving marine life, from vibrant coral reefs and nesting sea turtles to rare and endangered species. For a nation that relies so heavily on the ocean for food, income, and climate resilience, conserving marine biodiversity isn’t optional, it’s essential.
Sustaining Fisheries for Generations to Come
Now that the Marine Spatial Plan has been signed into law, both artisanal and industrial fishers stand to benefit in the long term. By safeguarding critical areas from overfishing and environmental degradation, the plan supports the recovery of fish stocks, helping to ensure the long-term sustainability of Seychelles’ fishing industry and the communities that depend on it.
As the SMSP was developed through a decade-long public participatory process, the agreements reached regarding restrictions and conditions in SMSP zones have been agreed by the stakeholders involved in the process. That said, implementing these changes can be challenging. Most fisheries activities in Zone 1 have been prohibited and fisheries activities in Zones 2 and 3 shall be performed subject to conditions. However, it should be noted that all conditional MSP activities in Zone 3 (67.4% of Seychelles waters) shall be carried out subject to existing laws and regulations. To adapt to new changes, the implementation of the SMSP will adopt a pragmatic and responsive approach. Ongoing efforts are focused on ensuring that the shift towards more sustainable practices is inclusive, progressive and unbiased.
Strengthening Climate Resilience
As a low-lying island nation, Seychelles is already grappling with the impacts of climate change, from rising sea levels to widespread coral bleaching. The Marine Spatial Plan is a forward-looking effort to boost the country’s resilience by safeguarding vital ecosystems that act as natural defences against climate threats.
By protecting mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs, the SMSP helps buffer coastlines from storms, flooding, and erosion, while also preserving biodiversity. The plan also reinforces Seychelles’ international commitments under the Paris Agreement and the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, showing how local action can support global climate and conservation goals.
Promoting Sustainable Tourism
Tourism, a crucial part of Seychelles’ economy, is also supported by the SMSP. By safeguarding important natural areas and encouraging sustainable tourism practices, the SMSP helps maintain the islands’ natural appeal to visitors from far and wide.
Operators in the tourism industry are being encouraged to adopt best practices, such as reef-conscious diving and waste reduction within the MSP framework. In return, they benefit from a healthier marine environment that enhances the visitor experience and preserves Seychelles’ global reputation as an unspoilt destination.
Empowering Local Communities
Beyond conservation and zoning, the Marine Spatial Plan holds promise for local communities – particularly when it comes to jobs, education, and inclusion. Through training programmes, eco-tourism opportunities, and active participation in planning, the MSP is creating new pathways for sustainable livelihoods. For many young Seychellois, the ocean is no longer just a source of tradition, but a gateway to innovation and future careers.
Still, turning this potential into reality requires more than good intentions. Continued investment in community outreach, capacity building, and on-the-ground monitoring will be essential.
Challenges Ahead
While the Marine Spatial Plan marks a major step forward, implementing it will not be without hurdles. Enforcing regulations across Seychelles’ vast 1.4 million square kilometre ocean territory will require significant resources, strong inter-agency coordination, and the use of advanced monitoring technologies.
Ensuring that all sectors, from shipping and tourism to aquaculture and fisheries, comply with the plan will take ongoing oversight. Managing competing interests and resolving conflicts as they arise will also demand a flexible, pragmatic and adaptative approach. As stakeholders push for economic opportunity, striking the right balance with conservation for long-term economic viability will remain an ongoing challenge.
The Way Forward
The Marine Spatial Plan marks not a conclusion, but the start of a new chapter in Seychelles’ relationship with its ocean. With strong political commitment, community engagement, and international partnerships, the SMSP has the potential to become a global model for small island and small coastal nations.
As Seychelles moves ahead, it faces a unique opportunity to lead by example and by outcome. The plan aims to prove that protecting marine ecosystems and fostering economic growth can go hand in hand, paving the way for a sustainable future for generations to come.
Photos: Mr. John Nevill